Freud's Psychoanalysis and Psychosexual development

Mahnoor Yameen

    Contents

    Introduction 

   Freud's Mind Model 

   I'd

   Ego

  Superego 

  Freud's Psychosexual development theory 

  Oral stage 

  Anal stage 

  Phallic stage 

  Latency stage 

  Genital stage 


Introduction 

Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that people could be cured by making their unconscious a conscious thought and motivations, and by that gaining "insight". The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious. Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. It is only by having a cathartic (i.e. healing) experience can a person be helped and "cured".


Freud's Mind Model

The Id, Ego and superego by Sigmund freud

He developed a psychological model of the mind consisting of three components: the id, ego, and superego. According to Freud, these three elements interact and shape human behavior and personality.


The Id: The id is the most primitive and instinctual part of the mind. It operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of basic biological and psychological needs, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desires. The id operates on unconscious impulses and is driven by primary processes, such as wish fulfillment and the avoidance of pain. 


The Ego: The ego develops in early childhood and serves as the rational and logical part of the mind. It operates on the reality principle and acts as a mediator between the id and the external world. The ego helps to satisfy the desires of the id in a socially acceptable and realistic manner. It takes into account the demands of reality, moral values, and social norms when making decisions. The ego employs secondary processes, such as problem-solving and decision-making, to find realistic ways to fulfill the desires of the id.


The Superego: The superego represents the moral and ethical standards of society, as well as internalized parental and societal values. It develops through the internalization of societal rules and expectations during the process of socialization. The superego consists of two components: the conscience and the ego-ideal. The conscience represents the internalized rules and prohibitions, generating guilt and anxiety when violated. The ego-ideal, on the other hand, represents the idealized standards and aspirations, leading to feelings of pride and fulfillment when upheld. 


Freud believed that conflicts and tensions arise among the id, ego, and superego, leading to psychological disturbances. Psychoanalysis, the therapeutic method developed by Freud, aimed to bring these conflicts into conscious awareness and resolve them through insight and analysis. By understanding and integrating the demands of the id, ego, and superego, individuals could achieve a healthier and more balanced psychological state.


Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory:

Freud's psychosexual development theory is a psychological framework proposed by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. According to this theory, human personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages that are driven by basic biological urges and experiences during childhood.




Here are the key components of Freud's psychosexual development theory:


Oral Stage (0-1 years): The oral stage occurs during infancy, where the primary focus of pleasure and gratification is on the mouth, lips, and tongue. The child's main source of pleasure is through activities like sucking, biting, and chewing.


Anal Stage (1-3 years): The anal stage occurs during the toddler years, when the focus of pleasure shifts to the anus and the child's ability to control bowel movements. Freud believed that successful completion of this stage leads to the development of self-control and a sense of orderliness, while fixation or conflicts during this stage could result in anal retentiveness or anal expulsiveness.


Phallic Stage (3-6 years): The phallic stage occurs during the preschool years, where children begin to develop sexual feelings and curiosity, particularly related to their genitals. Freud introduced the concept of the Oedipus complex, suggesting that boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mothers and view their fathers as rivals. Similarly, girls experience the Electra complex, with feelings of desire for their fathers and rivalry with their mothers. Freud believed that successful resolution of these complexes is crucial for healthy gender identification.


Latency Stage (6-12 years): The latency stage occurs during middle childhood, and it is characterized by a relative absence of overt psychosexual development. Sexual feelings are largely repressed during this stage, and children focus on other aspects of life, such as school, hobbies, and friendships.


Genital Stage (puberty and beyond): The genital stage marks the onset of puberty and the maturation of sexual interests and desires. During this stage, individuals develop an interest in sexual relationships and seek emotional and physical intimacy with others. Freud suggested that healthy development during previous stages is essential for successful transition into this stage.

Freud believed that unresolved conflicts or fixations at any of these stages could lead to psychological issues or personality traits later in life. 
























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